Bacterial Diseases Disease Causative Symptoms Transmission Acute otitis media (AOM) Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, others Earache, possible effusion; may cause […]
Important Term & Definition A. Infectious agent: A microorganism which is capable of producing an infection. (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite and
Parenteral drug products are sterile formulations intended for injection, infusion, or implantation. They must be free from pyrogens and particulates, stable, and isotonic. These preparations include injections, infusions, powders, and implants, formulated using aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles with suitable additives like buffers, antioxidants, and antimicrobial agents.
Pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms contain active drugs dissolved or suspended in solvents, offering flexible dosing and rapid absorption. They are ideal for patients who struggle with solids. Classified into monophasic (solutions) and biphasic forms (suspensions, emulsions), they ensure effective drug delivery and easy administration across various routes.
Freeze drying or lyophilization is a vital technique in the pharmaceutical industry used to preserve heat-sensitive drugs. It enhances product stability, ensures long shelf life, and maintains therapeutic efficacy, making it a preferred method for producing sterile and stable pharmaceutical formulations
Quality control of pharmaceutical aerosols involves testing critical parameters including propellants, valves, actuators, and dip tubes to ensure safety, efficacy, and quality standards for aerosol products in pharmaceutical applications.
“Explore key quality control tests for pharmaceutical aerosols, including propellants, valves, actuators, and spray performance to ensure product safety, efficacy, and compliance with pharmacopeial standards for optimal therapeutic delivery
This article explains the specifications of Purified Water (PW) and Water for Injection (WFI), focusing on essential parameters like pH and conductivity. It highlights the stricter quality standards of WFI compared to PW, including their acceptable conductivity limits and pH range as per pharmacopeial guidelines, essential for ensuring their safety and suitability in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. The article also discusses testing methods and regulatory requirements for these critical pharmaceutical waters
1. For patients who have difficulty in swallowing tablets or capsules, including paediatric or elderly patients, liquid dosage forms (for
The pharmacy profession in India has evolved from ancient traditional practices rooted in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani medicine to a regulated modern profession. The colonial era introduced Western pharmaceutical practices and formal education, culminating in the Pharmacy Act of 1948, which established standards for pharmacy education and practice. Today, pharmacy in India integrates traditional knowledge with advanced pharmaceutical sciences, playing a vital role in healthcare
