35. Blood: Composition and functions of brood, RBC, WBC, platelets, Homeostasis, blood groups, mechanism of clotting. Introduction to disorders of the blood. Haematinics, anticoagulants and haemostatic agents. Fibrinolytics and antiptatalet drugs. Blood and plasma volume expanders.
36. Principles of toxicology: Definition of poison. General principles of treatment of Poisoning. Treatment of poisoning due to Heavy metals (lead, mercury and arsenic), insecticides, barbiturates, oganophosphosphorus opioids and other addict forming drugs study of acute, sub acute and chronic toxicity as per OECD guidelines; their significance Definition and basic knowledge of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity.
37. Diseases of bones and joints: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis,Gout.
38. Pathphysiology of common diseases: Parkinsonism. Schizophrenia, Depression, stroke (ischemic and hemorrhage), Hypertension. Angina. Myocardial infarction, CCF. Atherosclerosis. Diabetes mellitus. Peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel disease. Cirrhosis and alcoholic liver diseases. Acute and chronic renal failure. Asthma and chronic obstructive airway diseases.
39. Laboratory tests for liver function tests and kidney function tests.
40. Disturbances of growth of cells: General biology of tumors, differences between benign and malignant tumors. Classification of tumors, Historical diagnosis of Malignancy. Etiology and pathogenesis of cancer, invasions, metastasis, patterns of spread, of cancer. Environmental carcinogenesis.
41. Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR): Types of ADR, Mechanism of ADR. Drug interaction, Monitoring and reporting of ADR and its significance. Drug information services.
42. Pharmacovigilance: Therapeutic drug monitoring, essential drugs and rational drug usage.
43. Age-related drug therapy: concept of posology, drug therapy for neonates, pediatrics and geriatrics. Drugs used in pregnancy and lactation.
44. Drug therapy: Gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.
